IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF THE PROCESS OF SOWING OF ROW CROPS

Abstract

The level of technology in agricultural production, the quality and cost of the products are largely determined by the degree of perfection of the machines and units used. In resolving this issue in our country and abroad, work is underway to identify rational ways of tillage, namely the minimum energy and labor costs per unit of crop production. Improvement of tillage technology is carried out in two main directions: minimization of tillage and combination of several operations in one pass of the agricultural unit. Along with the application of fertilizers, one of the important operations in the cultivation of crops is sowing, which is performed by seeders and combined tillage and sowing units. Seeders for sowing row crops are a special group of sowing machines. The modern market of agricultural machinery offers a number of field units suitable for sowing with different tillage technologies. The main working body of the drill, which determines the quality of sowing, is the sowing machine, and the opener group is the most important unit of the drill. It must remove lumps of soil from the row area, prepare the seedbed, lay the seeds on its dense bottom, maintain a given depth of its laying, ensure good contact of seeds with the soil, create a loose mulching layer. Despite their diversity, a universal combined device is needed that meets all agronomic and operational requirements for sowing seeds with different physical and mechanical properties. The most promising in this aspect are vibrating sowing machines, in which uniform sowing of seeds and fertilizers is achieved by transmitting their mass of oscillating motions. At vibration of loose material with a certain frequency and amplitude of oscillations friction forces between separate particles decrease, it becomes more fluffy, mobile. The method of sowing crops is determined by the required sowing density and the order of placement of plants per unit area. There are spreading, row, nesting, dotted and stubble methods of sowing and planting crops. The choice of sowing method largely depends on the sowing qualities of the seeds of the crop and soil and climatic conditions. Depending on this, the size of the row spacing and the distance between the plants is taken.