Justification of the Scheme of the Automated System of Control and Management of Seeding in Rowed Seed Drills

Abstract

The article considers the issues of the need to improve the quality of the technological process of sowing seeds of row crops with precision seeding drills and the main trends of their improvement from the point of view of the possibility of introducing seed lines with control and control systems for the technological processes of sowing row crops into the design of a serial row seed drill, and also presents a new design of a sowing apparatus with an automated system for monitoring and controlling the process of sowing row crops cultures, the scheme of the seeding control system and the advantages of using the new system are developed and described. (Purpose of the study) Substantiation of the scheme of the automated system of control and management of seeding in rowed seed drills (Materials and methods) The research is based on a systematic analysis of the designs of seeding machines of precision seeding drills, monitoring and synthesis of the best technical solutions for creating a design of a seeding machine with a system of automated control and management of the technological processes of seed sowing at the stage of transporting them to the bottom of the furrow. (Results and discussion) The result of the synthesis of the best ideas and constructive solutions evaluated based on the analysis of the main trends of manufactured agricultural machinery for the cultivation of row crops is presented. The main disadvantages of precision seeding drills are described and ways to improve their designs are presented. The analysis of seed sowing control devices and primary converters used in them at all stages of the technological seeding process by the dosing system is given. The evaluation of serial seeding control systems and the parameters controlled by them is presented and it is established that none of them controls the seeding process, respectively, and it is impossible to talk about seeding quality management in general. To ensure accurate sowing of seeds of row crops, a design of a pneumatic seeding apparatus with a seed blower with an automated system for monitoring and controlling the process of sowing seeds of row crops has been developed, the scheme of which is also presented in this work. (Conclusions) Based on the patent search, monitoring and synthesis of existing serial precision seeding drills and automated systems for monitoring technological seeding processes, the necessity of developing a seeding apparatus with seed blowers and including an automated system for monitoring and managing the quality of sowing seeds of row crops at the stage of seed movement to the bottom of the furrow in their design is justified. Keywords: row crops, seed sowing, automated seeding control system, seeding process control, seeding sensor, control system, seeding quality.