Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on mastitis and milk microbiota composition of dairy cows. Thirty lactating Holstein cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly assigned to five treatments, including: (1) Health cows with milk SCC < 500,000 cells/mL, no clinical signs of mastitis were found, fed basal total mixed ration (TMR) without supplementation (H); (2) Mastitis cows with milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL, fed basal TMR without supplementation (M); (3) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day−1 yeast (M + Y); (4) Mastitis cows fed basal TMR supplemented with 8 g day−1 LAB (M + L); (5) Mastitis cows (milk SCC > 500,000 cells/mL) fed basal TMR supplemented with 4 g day−1 yeast and 4 g day−1 LAB (M + Y + L). Blood and milk sample were collected at day 0, day 20 and day 40. The results showed efficacy of probiotic: On day 20 and day 40, milk SCC in H, M + Y, M + L, M + Y + L was significantly lower than that of M (P < 0.05). Milk concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in M + Y + L were significantly reduced compared with that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). Milk Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-Acetyl-β-d-Glucosaminidase (NAG) activity of M + Y, M + L, M + L + Y were lower than that of M on day 40 (P < 0.05). At genus level, Staphylococcus, Chryseobacterium and Lactococcus were dominant. Supplementation of LAB decreased abundance of Enterococcus and Streptococcus, identified as mastitis-causing pathogen. The results suggested the potential of LAB to prevent mastitis by relieving mammary gland inflammation and regulating milk microorganisms.
Highlights
Mastitis, characterized by high amounts of bacteria and mammary inflammation, is one of the most frequent disease occurred on dairy cows and has been well-recognized detrimental effects on milk quality, animal wellbeing and public health
It is recently known that milk has its own microbiota and the mechanism probiotics exert benefit on milk microorganisms just starts
It is not clear that if oral intake of probiotics will pass from gut tract to mammary gland through endogenous route or pointing towards a systemic effect such as enhancing immune function, or both
Summary
Mastitis, characterized by high amounts of bacteria and mammary inflammation, is one of the most frequent disease occurred on dairy cows and has been well-recognized detrimental effects on milk quality, animal wellbeing and public health. A variety of bacteria pathogens were identified to be involved in the development of mastitis. Murphy (1947) demonstrated the general process. Intramammary administration of antibiotics is the widely used conventional therapy for clinical mastitis during lactating and for prevention of new infections during dry-off. Despite the effectiveness of controlling mastitis, the development of antimicrobial resistance caused by common use of antibiotics raises society concern. In order to reduce antibiotic residues in dairy products and coincide with global requirement to limit their use in dairy cattle, the use of probiotic agents is a novel approach to cure mastitis.
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