Abstract
Simple SummaryWet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a feed containing high moisture and rapidly digestible, non-forage fiber and protein for dairy cows, that is difficult to preserve. The use of corn stover as roughage by ruminants is limited by its poor digestibility. Total mixed ration (TMR) silage is an ensiling mixed feed that can fully mix forage and concentrate in a specific ratio to satisfy the nutritional needs of dairy cows, which has become an effective method of preservation of high-moisture byproducts. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover. Inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) + fibrolytic enzyme (EN) and LAB improved aerobic stability of TMR silages indicated by higher and more stable LA and AA contents, a smaller rise in pH, and yeast count than other silages. Total mixed ration silage inoculated the LAB + EN and LAB can become an effective method of preserving high-moisture WCGF and corn stover with poor digestibility.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and corn stover. The TMR was ensiled with four treatments: (1) no additive (control); (2) lactic acid bacteria (LAB); (3) fibrolytic enzyme (EN); (4) LAB + EN. The EN and LAB + EN decreased the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents. Additives led to a higher lactic acid (LA) content (p < 0.0001) compared to control at all ensiling times. Silages inoculated with LAB and LAB + EN had higher dry matter (p = 0.0007), LA (p < 0.0001) and acetic acid (AA) contents (p < 0.0001) compared to control. The LAB and LAB + EN had significantly lowest ammonia nitrogen among the treatments, while no significant difference occurred after days 7 of ensiling. Silages treated with LAB and LAB + EN had a higher LAB count (p < 0.0001) and a lower pH, yeast, and mold counts compared to other silages. The LAB and LAB + EN greatly increased the portions of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) and reduced undesirable bacteria. Inoculation with LAB + EN and LAB improved aerobic stability of TMR silages indicated by higher and more stable LA and AA contents, smaller rise in pH, and yeast count than other silages. The LAB + EN and LAB reduced microbial diversity and improved the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of TMR silage containing WCGF and corn stover.
Highlights
The volume of imported high-quality roughage increases year by year, which causes higher feed costs in the dairy industry
Epiphytic microbial community is another essential factor for silage fermentation, where >5.0 log cfu/g fresh matter (FM) lactic acid bacteria at ensiling is necessary
This study revealed the relative abundance and diversity of bacteria in fresh total mixed ration (TMR) and TMR silage treated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and/or EN
Summary
The volume of imported high-quality roughage increases year by year, which causes higher feed costs in the dairy industry. Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF), a rapidly digestible non-forage feed rich in fiber and protein coproduced in corn wet milling [1], has been applied as a potential feedstuff for ruminant animals. The high moisture content (36–40% DM) of WCGF can cause certain storage issues [2]. It is often dried for dry corn gluten feed, but the drying process wastes energy and produces air pollution problems. It is economical to convert corn stover into feedstuff, but the use of corn stover as roughage by ruminants is limited by its poor digestibility. Most corn stover is discarded, buried, or burned, resulting in resource waste and environmental problems due to unsuitable disposal methods
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