Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Heart Failure Outcomes in Vitamin D Deficient Patients

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Background: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with emerging evidence suggesting a link between vitamin D deficiency and adverse heart failure outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on heart failure outcomes in vitamin D-deficient patients and explore the broader public health implications of these findings. Methodology: The observational cohort study was conducted over a one-year period from January 2023 to December 2023, involving 220 adults aged 40 years and older with diagnosed heart failure and confirmed vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL). Over the course of a year, participants were randomized to receive either a placebo or 2000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. At baseline, three, six, and twelve months, information was gathered on hospitalizations, heart failure status, serum vitamin D levels, demographics, and quality of life. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and chi-square tests were among the statistical analyses. Results: The vitamin D group experienced a considerable rise in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, which went from 17.37 ± 3.62 ng/mL to 35.18 ± 7.13 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Compared to 8 out of 110 patients (7.27%) in the placebo group, 25 out of 110 patients (22.73%) in the vitamin D group achieved Class I status, indicating an improvement in NYHA Class (p = 0.013). At 12 months, the vitamin D group's hospitalization rate dropped to 3 out of 110 patients (2.73%) from 10 out of 110 patients (9.09%) in the placebo group (p = 0.028). By the 12-month mark, the vitamin D group's quality of life scores had significantly improved to 75.68 ± 8.93, whereas the placebo group's scores were much lower at 56.52 ± 10.54. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation has the potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy in the management of heart failure since it dramatically improves clinical outcomes in individuals with vitamin D-deficient heart failure.