Abstract
The Southeast Asian Region is one of the world’s regions that has historically had poor air quality conditions due to excess fossil fuel usage, coal combustion, and intensive deforestation activities. As the hub of economic activity, Indonesia’s Jakarta and Palembang cities have drawn significant attention from rural areas, leading to unrestrained urbanization in the past decade. Therefore, this study aimed to integrate the two urban centers of Indonesia, Jakarta and Palembang. It analyzed the variation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature (LST) across all seasons from 2021 to 2023. We retrieved the tropospheric NO2 concentration data from the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) aboard Aura Satellite, and obtained LST and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 OLI images. We then used a Pearson correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the NO2 concentration, NDVI, and LST. The findings showed that Jakarta had higher levels of air pollution than Palembang, with rising LST and NO2 levels. During the study period, the mean NO2 concentration in Jakarta and Palembang was 3.25 × 1015 mol/cm2 and 0.87 × 1015 mol/cm2, respectively. While, the mean LST values in Jakarta and Palembang were 33.97 °C and 27.17 °C, respectively. The correlation results indicated a negative relationship between NO2 level and NDVI (r = −0.378, p < 0.01), while it obtained a positive association with LST (r = 0.421, p < 0.01). These results can be a chance for the authority to formulate a new strategy for mitigating air pollution, especially for NO2 pollutants in urban areas.
Published Version
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