Abstract
Simple SummaryHigh environmental temperature alters the poultry health and performances by causing heat stress. Heat stress elicits physiological, behavioral, and production changes in poultry. This review article summarizes these changes along with the strategies that have been used in the poultry industry to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress in poultry.Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors in the poultry industry resulting in substantial economic loss. Heat stress causes several physiological changes, such as oxidative stress, acid-base imbalance, and suppressed immunocompetence, which leads to increased mortality and reduced feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production, and also affects meat and egg quality. Several strategies, with a variable degree of effectiveness, have been implemented to attenuate heat stress in poultry. Nutritional strategies, such as restricting the feed, wet or dual feeding, adding fat in diets, supplementing vitamins, minerals, osmolytes, and phytochemicals, have been widely studied and found to reduce the deleterious effects of heat stress. Furthermore, the use of naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes in certain breed lines have also gained massive attention in recent times. However, only a few of these strategies have been widely used in the poultry industry. Therefore, developing heat-tolerant breed lines along with proper management and nutritional approach needs to be considered for solving this problem. Thus, this review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies against heat stress in broiler chickens and laying hens.
Highlights
The poultry industry is growing across the world to fulfill the increasing demands of poultry meat and eggs
With the rising global temperature, heat stress has been a severe challenge to the growth of the poultry industry
Only a few of them are widely used in the poultry industry
Summary
The poultry industry is growing across the world to fulfill the increasing demands of poultry meat and eggs. Minerals, and proteins, eggs are rich in antioxidants such as lutein and zeaxanthin, which possess major benefits for eye health [3] Considering these facts, the global consumption of poultry meat and eggs have doubled in the past decade and is expected to be doubled by 2050 [4]. Laying hens in the early 1900s used to lay 150 eggs per year while current commercial laying hens lay around 300 eggs annually [6] These improved broilers and laying hens have higher metabolic rates and production performances [7]. As of 2003, heat stress resulted in annual economic losses of $128 to $165 million in the poultry industry [9], and with the rise of global temperature, this number is speculated to increase in the coming years. Potential mitigation strategies against heat stress in broiler chickens and laying hens
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
