Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of important economic fruit crops found in Hebron of Palestine. Climate is one of the key controlling factors in grape and wine production. Materials & Method: We analyzed grape production in Hebron region, and studied the correlation analyses between productions and climatic, bioclimatic factors. The bioclimate, climatic factors were obtained according to Rivas-Martinez to classification of the earth. However, the independent variables were examined: the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic index, water deficit and simple continentality index; and following climate factors: mean monthly temperature, precipitation and soil water reserve. The data used were from one meteorological station of the Palestinian Meteorological Department for the years 1993 to 2009 (16 years), and to the same years of grape production (rain-fed) from the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Result & Discussion: When we applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and observed that the Hebron type plots are located at the left of axis 1 during 1999-2004 negatively affected by the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (76.66%), but precipitation was positive influenced on grape yield for the years (2004-2009), with a proportion of the variance explained by axes 2 (23.34%); Hebron type plots are located at the right of axis1during 1993-1999 positive affected by the bioclimate factor as a simple continentality index and annual ombrothermic index, and climate factors as water deficit, soil water reserve and mean monthly temperature, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 & 2 (100%). Conclusions: Grapes are sensitive climate and the surrounding environment factors, and in order to get a high production and high-quality grapes, mean monthly temperature must be between 15°C - 20°C, and 20°C - 30°C (27°C) in the last two months of the maturation process, the value of simple continentality index is 15 - 18, compensated thermicity index is 220 - 350, and annual ombrothermic index is more than 3.
Highlights
A grape (Vitis vinifera L.; Vitaceae) is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis
Result & Discussion: When we applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and observed that the Hebron type plots are located at the left of axis 1 during 1999-2004 negatively affected by the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (76.66%), but precipitation was positive influenced on grape yield for the years (2004-2009), with a proportion of the variance explained by axes 2 (23.34%); Hebron type plots are located at the right of axis1during 1993-1999 positive affected by the bioclimate factor as a simple continentality index and annual ombrothermic
In the other side, when we applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), observed that the Hebron type plots are located at the left of axis 1 during (1999-2004) affected negatively by the bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, which negatively affected the grape harvest for this occurred in the y-axis negative, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axes 1 (76.66%), but precipitation was a positive effect on grape yield for this occurred
Summary
A grape (Vitis vinifera L.; Vitaceae) is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis. Most Vitis species are found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, North America and with a few in the tropics regions in the world, grapevines are influenced to their surrounding environment with a seasonal variation in production of 30% - 32.5% [5]. A few years ago, many researchers in Mediterranean region have studied the relationship between plant production (fruit trees), physiology, plant biology [7]-[26], biodiversity, phytosociological, plant communities and climate-bioclimate factors [8] [9] [10], and biologically, most Vitis species have 38 chromosomes (n = 19) [27], while Vitis rotundifolia has 40 (n = 20)
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