Abstract
We analyzed plant production such as olive, grape and fig in several Palestinian Occupied Territories, and studied the correlation analyses between productions and climatic, bioclimatic features in the territory. This work examines the following climate factors: average temperature, precipitation, soil water reserve and water deficit; and bioclimatic parameters such as compensated thermicity index, ombrothermic index and continentally index. The data used were from nine meteorological stations of the Palestinian Meteorological Department. The study was based on the correlation analyses between olive, grape and fig production in nine plots: Hebron, Ramallah, Nablus, Jenin, Jericho, Bethlehem, Jerusalem and Tulkarem over fourteen years. The analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of the variables temperature and compensated thermicity index on the production of olive and fig, and a low influence on grape production. When we applied canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the Nablus, Jenin, Jericho and Gaza plots were most affected by the climate factors as temperature, and bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, whereas, the Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Tulkarem and Ramallah plots showed the influence of ombrothermic index, continentally index, precipitation, water deficit and soil water reserve.
Highlights
The climate in Palestine is Mediterranean character with a dry summer season from May to October
There are no significant differences in the case of olive and fig production, but there is a statistically significant difference for grape production, as the histogram is positive (Figure 3), because grape production is high in south of Palestine (Table 2)
In the first place it was observed that the Nablus, Jenin, Jericho and Gaza type plots are located at the left of axis 1, and plots are more affected by the T and It/Itc, while all the Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Tulkarem and Ramallah type plots are at the right of axis 2, and reveal the influence of annual ombrothermic index, continentally index, precipitation, water deficit and soil water reserve, with a large proportion of the variance explained by axis 1 (86.41%), as opposed to axis 2 (13.58%) (Figure 5), we note that there is the impact of these factors on the production and sustainability of these plants; we indicated the climatic andbioclimatic factors affecting biology and plant communities [25]
Summary
The climate in Palestine is Mediterranean character with a dry summer season from May to October. The rainy season and agricultural year begin in September-October and the rainfall ends in April-May [1]. The winter rain regime has been extensively studied [2]-[7] and the long-term changes in annual rainfall patterns [8] [9]. Palestine is situated in the subtropical dry lands of south-western Asia at a very sensitive climatic position. Palestine bioclimatic belt belongs to the infra-Mediterranean to meso-Mediterranean thermo-type [10]. Summer temperatures reach 35 ̊ centigrade and in the winter, temperature may drop to zero. The inconsistency of rainfall throughout the months and years requires that most vegetable cultivation is supplemented with irrigation to ensure normal growth
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