Abstract
Dynamic wheel load (DWL) may result in additional pavement damage. This study examined the impact of DWL on pavement performance using mechanistic tractor-trailer and three-dimensional (3-D) viscoelastic finite element (FE) pavement models. Based on the result of FE simulations, a correlation between the pavement responses and DWL was established. Using the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide approach, the pavement service life was predicted. A case study based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodologies was performed to study the DWL impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption, and cost. The study identified the probabilistic distribution of pavement service life due to DWL. The effect of pavement service life on the environmental impact of each LCA stage was investigated. Finally, optimal sustainable solutions considering both environmental and economic impacts were introduced using a Pareto frontier analysis.
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