Impact of activation energy on carreau nanofluid flow over non-linear stretching surface

Abstract

- The main goal of this article is to outline the key elements of activation energy that govern the slip flow of Carreau fluid over a non-linear stretched surface with heat transfer. By using the Arrhenius relation, activation energy aspects are included. Brownian diffusion and thermophoretic effects are shown through the study of nanoparticle dispersion using the Buongiorno model. The governing issue was first formulated as PDEs with appropriate boundary conditions, which were then converted into non-linear ODEs by applying a comparable transformation. Then, using Runge-Kutta integration and shooting techniques, the solution to the obtained complex differential system is discovered. Graphs reveal the effect of flow on linked profiles with respect to parameters. A published study that compares the current result describes the accuracy and reliability of the work. Through graphs and tables, the amount of engineering interest for shear thinning and thickening aspects of Carreau fluid is assessed. This includes wall drag coefficient, heat, and mass flux at the surface in comparison. It is calculated that by increasing non-linearity index velocity field depreciates for n = 0.5 and n = 1.5. Additionally, opposite behavior in momentum distribution is found against power law index (n) by fixing (m). Temperature of fluid decreases against power law index for m = 1.0 and m = 0.5.