Bioconvective Carreau nanofluid flow with magnetic dipole, viscous, and ohmic dissipation effects subject to Arrhenius activation energy

Abstract

This article mainly involves a novel study of electric as well as magnetic field effects in the presence of magnetic dipole on Carreau nanofluid flow filled by gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretched sheet under the influences of nonlinear thermal radiation, activation energy, chemical reaction, viscous and ohmic dissipation. Bioconvection becomes an important area of research when magneto nanoparticles (ferrofluid) suspended with motile microorganisms, as collectively they have wide range of applications. The suspension of nanoparticles in microorganisms are found beneficial in nanofluid stability. A class of appropriate similarity functions is utilized to convert steady nonlinear PDEs into a set of ODEs and then computed numerically by applying two distinct techniques bvp4c in MATLAB and Maple ′ dsolve ′ command. For limited cases, we have also compared our outcomes with already published work and found in good agreement. The impact of various controlling parameters active in the velocity, temperature, concentration, and density profiles are observed and presented extensively. Additionally, for engineering aspects, the numerical computations as well as graphical presentations for surface drag force, Nusselt/Sherwood numbers(the wall heat and mass fluxes) and density of motile organisms are also performed for both types of fluids (i.e., n = 0.5 and n = 1.5). All the four profiles, i.e., density of motile microorganisms ( Ψ ( η ) ) concentration ( ϕ ( η ) ), thermal ( θ ( η ) ), and velocity ( f ′ ( η ) ) vary for shear thinning and thickening cases. The concentration profile decelerates for rising Chemical reaction rate and fitted rate constant but rises by increasing the activation energy. Outcomes of Skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate are higher for shear thickening liquid as compared with shear thinning liquid.