Abstract
Immunologic Monitoring of Cellular Immune Responses in Cancer Vaccine Therapy
Highlights
Vaccine-induced immune responses against cancer depend on a balance between immune responses of various subsets of effector and suppressor T cells
Because tumor antigens are mostly self-antigens, this balance is shifted toward tolerance in cancer patients, so that generating effective antitumor responses requires breaking of tolerance
The suppressive compartment of the immune system includes a group of heterogeneous immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)
Summary
Vaccine-induced immune responses against cancer depend on a balance between immune responses of various subsets of effector and suppressor T cells. Despite advances in the development of immune monitoring assays during the past decade, it has been difficult to establish significant correlations between vaccine-induced immune responses and clinical outcomes. These assays fail to define surrogate markers that could be used as predictors of clinical response and serve to advance vaccine development.
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