Abstract
DNA is an excellent biomaterial for building biosensors utilizing diverse DNA interactions with a broad range of biomolecules and chemical compounds. DNA-based electrochemical biosensors have been successfully used in numerous applications with advantages of rapid detection, high sensitivity and low cost. Typical DNA-based electrochemical biosensors require an immobilization step of DNA probe as the biological recognition element, which always suffers from time-consuming and labor-intensive electrode pretreatment and immobilization process, expensive chemical modification, lower reactivity, and complicated operation. Immobilization-free DNA-based electrochemical biosensors can provide powerful complementary tools and novel design strategies for traditional electrochemical DNA biosensors. They would be advantageous in some ways, such as low cost, easy operation, and time saving. More importantly, the homogeneous reaction could increase the reliability and reproducibility of electrochemical sensor without the immobilization step. This review introduces multiple immobilization-free strategies for developing DNA-based homogeneous electrochemical biosensors, aiming at compensating for the deficiencies of heterogeneous modes. The main signal readout modes and signal enhancement strategies will be discussed separately. Additionally, the burgeoning applications combined with miniaturization of electrochemical devices will be highlighted.
Published Version
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call