IJCM_389A: A community based cross-sectional study on perception, attitude, and stigma towards mental illness among the rural community in Mangalore

Abstract

Introduction: Mental disorder is a behavioral pattern which causes either suffering or poor ability to function in ordinary life. According to WHO health report 2022, 970 million people suffer from mental illness globally. 80% people with mental illness live in low and middle-income countries, which is a matter of concern for India being the most populated country in the world. This study aims to assess the attitude and perception of people towards mental illness and to identify the presence of stigma towards mental illness in the community. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 individuals aged above 18 years from Jeppinamogaru, Boloor, Shiv Nagar and Neermarga of Mangalore. Data was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire of the CAMI scale rates a total of 40 items on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree) and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results were expressed as proportions using appropriate tables and graphs. P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 320 individuals assessed, 73.1% were females, with 50% aged over 45 years. The lower middle class constituted 35.3%, while only 0.6% belonged to the lower class. Awareness of mental illnesses was low, with only 42 individuals (13%) are knowledgeable. Most relied on behavior to identify mental illness, and 54.1% favored hospital treatment. 31.6% believed mental illness was genetically inherited as it is running through families. Medium stigma was prevalent across all domains of the CAMI scale, with the least stigma observed among the upper class. Conclusions: The study revealed low to medium level of stigma toward mental illness among lower and upper middle-class SEC individuals, alongside insufficient knowledge about mental health issues. Addressing these gaps, necessitates community awareness campaigns, enhanced education in schools, and increased accessibility to community-based mental health services and health camps.