IJCM_419A: Profile of neonates admitted to Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of a Tertiary Care Hospital attached to a medical college in Mangalore

Abstract

Background: Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) is a value which plays a vital role in gauging the effectiveness and advancement in healthcare pertaining to newborns. The alarmingly high rate promotes the need of further development of better medical facilities. One such facility is the Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU). Objective: This study targets the analysis of factors contributing to the mortality of neonates and aims at coming up with solution to tackle the issue Methodology: A facility based retrospective study was carried out based on information from medical records of neonates admitted to the SNCU from a tertiary care hospital. Results: The 1038 neonates admitted it was found that nearly half of the neonates admitted had low birth weight (48.2%) contrary to maturity where 37.9 % were preterm. Most of the admissions were due to neonatal jaundice (46.6%) followed by low birth weight (15.2%) and respiratory distress syndrome (10.3%). Of the 85 neonates who expired, the leading causes were respiratory distress syndrome (21.2%), sepsis (14.9%), Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (12.9%), major congenital malformations (12.9%) and extreme low birth weight 11 (12.9%). Conclusion: The expansion of services and technology provided by SNCUs is of great importance in the development of healthcare for the nation. The growth of better antenatal health care, seamless referral systems along with identification of alarming conditions requiring admission to SNCUs immediately after birth form the pillars of confronting the goal of decreasing the NMR.