Abstract
Gender wage gap is an European and International socioeconomic phenomenon with a negative contribution to the efforts of social cohesion, integrity and creation of a solidarity economy. In national level, efforts for the identification and elimination of the gender pay gap have already started since 1970. Although, the phenomenon of the pay gap was been moderated, it still remains at levels above the European average. The analysis and confrontation of the multifactorial phenomenon requires a holistic approach. Women can actively contribute to employment and economic and social development through the improvement and enhancement of their skills and their general qualifications. However, their skills are often underestimated in respect to their payment and their hierarchy in the labour market. This paper studies the case of Greece by estimating the factors that generate the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling phenomenon through the analysis of micro data from 2010 Earnings Survey provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). We estimate pooled quantile regressions as well as quantile regressions, and we carry out a decomposition analysis by applying the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition technique. The results reveal that the wage gap is mainly formed due to the discrimination of gender (men and women with the same characteristics receive different wages – female wages are significantly lower). Moreover, we approach the glass ceiling phenomenon which is mainly caused due to personal characteristics of individuals.
Highlights
According to The European Commission’s Strategy for Equality between Women and Men 2010–2015 (COM(2010a)), financial independency plays a crucial role in correct decision making for both genders
This paper studies the case of Greece by estimating the factors that generate the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling phenomenon through the analysis of micro data from 2010 Earnings Survey provided by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT)
Market discrimination for same characteristics, contribute 7.26% of the gender wage gap
Summary
According to The European Commission’s Strategy for Equality between Women and Men 2010–2015 (COM(2010a)), financial independency plays a crucial role in correct decision making for both genders. The reduction of the gender pay gap, is an aftereffect of several factors such as increase of the rate of female graduates in higher education, admission of female labour in certain "male-dominated" sectors (e.g. construction or engineering) and change of women’s culture. Nowadays, women pursue their economic independence from parental and marital family. This method enables the estimation of each factor separately, by calculating different wage equations for each sex (men, women and the total of them).
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