Abstract
In order to well identify the 93 wild Cortex Daphnes samples from different species and habitats in western China and develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the authentication and quality of them in the future, a comprehensive and efficient identification system based on DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprint technologies has been developed. The result showed that only 17 samples (18%) were Daphne giraldii Nitsche (DG), which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia, while the others (82%) might have safety hazards. Additionally, the result of HPLC fingerprint analysis indicated that samples in the same species origins and wild distributions could be clustered together, which was consistent with DNA barcoding analysis. The study can provide a significant system for the authentication and quality of commercial Cortex Daphnes herbs. Undoubtedly, this study undoubtedly confirmed that the chemical compositions of Cortex Daphnes herbs were affected by both species origins and ecological environments, which is required more in-depth research.
Highlights
Cortex Daphnes (Cirald Daphne Bark), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root bark and stem bark of Daphne giraldii Nitsche (DG) recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia
Main characteristics on morphology and habitat of the three Daphne species According to the previous resources survey results, the plant morphology (S1 File) of DG is different from the other two Daphne species (DT and Daphne retusa Hemsl (DR))
It shows that the genetic relationship between Daphne tangutica Maxim (DT) and DR is most similar to each other, which is consistent with records about DR in flora of China [26]
Summary
Cortex Daphnes (Cirald Daphne Bark), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root bark and stem bark of DG recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Many Daphne Linn plants, such as Daphne gracilis E. Edgeworthia Meisn plants, such as Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl., etc., are used as Cortex Daphnes in some parts of China [1,2,3,4]. Daphne tangutica Maxim (DT) and Daphne retusa Hemsl (DR) are just contained in some provincial medicinal material codes [5,6]. The Daphne Linn comprises approximately 95 species found in the alpine regions of Asia and Europe. The three Daphne species mostly is located in Provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Sichuan [7]
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