Abstract
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. et Kralik, A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst and A. guttata Bunge, three commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal plants have been widely used for the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, oxidation, and other related pathogens. However, precise identification at the similar species level is usually challenging due to the influence of the source of medicinal materials, traditional ethnic medicine and medicinal habits. Here we developed a comprehensive and efficient identification system for three source spices of Arnebiae Radix based on DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprinting. A total of 599 samples from thirty-five wild populations were collected and identified by using DNA barcodes of ITS2 regions, and the chemotypes of seven naphthoquinoneswere revealed by HPLC quantitative analysis including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Our results showed that the ITS2 sequences can distinguish three source spices of Arnebiae Radix from adulterants. However, it was difficult to identify them by HPLC-specific chromatograms combined with chemometric analysis. These results indicated that DNA barcoding was a more powerful method than HPLC fingerprinting for the identification of related species that were genetically similar. DNA barcoding analysis could be a promising and reliable tool to accurately confirm the identities of medicinal materials, especially for those whose sources are multiple and difficult to be identified by conventional chromatography.
Highlights
Arnebiae Radix (Zicao in Chinese), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root bark of A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst. and A. guttata Bunge in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 version)
There is a serious shortage of Arnebiae Radix supplies, leading to a complex and confusing market
The established polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP method based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence can identify A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst and A. guttata Bunge, as well as other plants named Zicao in China (Qian et al, 2019)
Summary
Arnebiae Radix (Zicao in Chinese), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root bark of A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst. and A. guttata Bunge in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 version). Arnebiae Radix (Zicao in Chinese), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, is the dried root bark of A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst. It is difficult to identify the authenticity of medicinal Arnebiae Radix, and the identification problem needs to be solved urgently. DNA barcoding has emerged as an effective tool for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine due to its species specificity. Specific chromatograms, which can effectively determine the content of compounds, are widely used for authenticity confirmation and quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (Hu et al, 2020; Liu B. et al, 2020). We intended to use the DNA barcoding technique and HPLC-specific chromatograms to identify three source spices of Arnebiae Radix.
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