Abstract
Bacterial whole genome sequencing has delivered an abundance of prophage sequences as a by-product and the analysis of these sequences revealed ways in which phages have affected the genome of their host bacteria in various bacterial species. The aim of this study was to identify the phage-related sequences in the draft assembly of the Avibacterium paragallinarum genome, the causative agent of infectious coryza in poultry. Whole genome assembly was not possible due to the presence of gaps and/or repeats existent on the ends of contigs. However, genome annotation revealed prophage and prophage remnant sequences present in this genome. From the results obtained, a complete Mu-like bacteriophage could be identified that was termed AvpmuC-2M. A complete sequence of HP2-like bacteriophage, named AvpC-2M-HP2, was also identified.
Highlights
Bacteriophages were first discovered in England, 1915, by Frederick W
Bacteriophages are viruses which infect bacteria and can be divided into two groups according to their means of interaction with the bacterial cell, namely, lytic and temperate phages
Once a bacteriophage genome is integrated into the host cell genome it is referred to as a prophage
Summary
Bacteriophages were first discovered in England, 1915, by Frederick W. Bacteriophages are viruses which infect bacteria and can be divided into two groups according to their means of interaction with the bacterial cell, namely, lytic (virulent) and temperate (lysogenic) phages. It has long been established that bacteriophages contribute to the pathogenicity of their bacterial hosts as many genes have been shown to undergo transfer among bacteria through phages [4]. These genes can code for a diverse subset of virulence factors such as toxin, regulatory factors (which upregulate the expression of host virulence genes), and enzymes, which can alter the bacterial virulence components [4]
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