IDDF2021-ABS-0126 Exploring the gut microbiota variation in response to vibrio infection

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> Our gut microbiota is composed of trillions of bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal system. Any disruptions to this bacterial community are often associated with various diseases’ progression, including gastrointestinal infection. One significant diarrheal pathogen is Vibrio species, the critical etiological agent to cholera and gastrointestinal infection that affects millions of people annually. They invade the host’s gastrointestinal system, releasing virulence toxins that aid in the colonization, dysbiosis of the gut flora, and cause diarrhea. The gut microbiota community is diverse, yet how this microbial diversity confers resistance or susceptibility to intestinal pathogens is not well explored. Hence, this systematic review aims to understand the gut microbiota variation in response to Vibrio infection. <h3>Methods</h3> This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. Predefined MeSH terms ‘Vibrio’ AND ‘gut microbiota’ OR ‘microbiome’ were used in three databases (Pubmed, Ovid Medline, ProQuest; from database inception to June 2021). Studies reporting on the gut microbiota variation and Vibrio were included. Studies without Vibrio and/or gut microbiome data were excluded, including conference proceedings, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and commentaries. <h3>Results</h3> Six studies according to the study’s inclusion criteria out of 243 articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Three studies identified the gut microbiota composition in patients’ samples with Vibrio species infection, while the remaining studies explored the modulation of gut microbiota in Vibrio-induced animal models. The human studies demonstrated variation in the gut microbiome of patients with Vibrio infection as compared to the healthy subjects. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia are among the prominent taxa found to be significantly decreased in abundance but increase in the taxa of Firmicutes among the patients and animals, elevating the infection and causing diarrhea. An in vivo study also reported the abundance of Ruminococcus/Blautia obeum, that able to inhibit the Vibrio cholerae virulence in the gut (IDDF2021-ABS-0126 Figure 1. Illustration of gut microbiota variation in response to Vibrio infection). <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a potential connection between gut dysbiosis and Vibrio species infection, in which the gut microbiota possibly increase/decrease its abundance to inhibit the infection. These findings provide insights on gut microbiota response towards environmental pathogen and frame proper treatment strategies in clinical settings.