Hızlı ıslah sisteminin optimizasyonu: bitki yetiştirme tekniklerinin etkileri

Abstract

Before a new variety is introduced to the market, it is subjected to a multi-generational breeding process that takes many years. New technologies were needed to shorten this period and increase the effectiveness of breeding programs. One of these new technologies is speed breeding technique. With this technique, 5-6 generations can be taken in a year by using long-term photoperiods to accelerate plant development. In this study, it was aimed to measure the effects of high and low input applications on some agronomic characteristics of durum wheat plant under speed breeding conditions. The research was carried out in a polycarbonate greenhouse with controllable light and temperature in the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in 2021. In the study, Svevo (durum wheat) and Yitpi (bread wheat) varieties were used as plant material. Plants were exposed to 22 hours of light and 2 hours of dark photoperiod in speed breeding conditions. Among the properties examined in both bread and durum wheat, the number of fertile tiller per plant, plant height, number of grains per spike and grain weight were affected by application factors. Increasing the exposure time in terms of the emergence period shortened the vegetation period in plants considerably. Plants were exposed to intense stress due to water restriction applied to plants grown in low-input conditions. For this reason, no spike could be obtained from tillers in plants grown in low-input conditions. High rate of fertilization with irrigation at field capacity significantly increased the plant height and the number of fertile tillers in the plant. The germination rate of seeds obtained from low input conditions is higher than the germination rate of seeds obtained from high input conditions, low input application will contribute to increasing the success of speed breeding programs. Strong correlations were found between earliness and tallness and the number of grains per spike under speed breeding conditions in both bread wheat and durum wheat.