Hygienic substantiation of measures to optimize living conditions and rehabilitation in new types of institutions for patients with mental disorders

Abstract

Annotation. In contrast to Ukraine, psychosocial rehabilitation in European countries today is gaining considerable popularity for the socialization and reintegration of patients with mental disorders, for their more adaptive self-improvement. The article analyzes the experience in the EU in the latest, modern, psychosocial methods of providing medical care/rehabilitation to patients with mental disorders to improve patient self-management skills, personal reintegration, development of adaptive properties, self-improvement and to reduce health care costs. Hygienic substantiation of measures to optimize living conditions and treatment and rehabilitation process for patients with mental and behavioral disorders. To perform the tasks in the sociological study involved 92 people – relatives of patients with mental disorders using a specially designed questionnaire: “A method of determining the quality of medical care by relatives of a psychiatric patient and the relationship “doctor-relative””. The survey had conducted in January 2020 before the start of quarantine on COVID-19 and the beginning of the second phase of medical reform in the field of psychiatry. The work used content analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, bibliosemantic, analytical, and statistical research methods. It has found that the most significant problems faced by patients in providing them with psychiatric care, according to relatives, are the inconsistency of sanitary and hygienic conditions of patients in psychiatric hospitals – 62.6%, low quality of care – 37.3% and inattentive attitude on the part of medical staff – 34.7%. A sociological survey of relatives of patients with mental and behavioral disorders found that patients are referring for treatment only in critical conditions. Treatment of patients with mental and behavioral disorders nowadays, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive approach, not just psychopharmacological drugs. To do this, each patient must individually develop psychosocial rehabilitation methods: training in music therapy, communication, motivation, sports training, bibliotherapy, art therapy, animal therapy, training to improve social adaptation, activation of independence, as is done in the EU.