Hygienic assessment of the oral cavity in individuals with excess body mass index during orthopedic rehabilitation with removable dentures

Abstract

Relevance: the search for ways to improve the efficiency of dental orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with dentition defects is relevant. Most people with overweight and obesity over 45 years old with a high incidence of pathology in the form of partial absence of teeth. Reducing the effectiveness of chewing, taking highly carbohydrate foods contribute to an increase in the growth of plaque, the intensity of the carious process and the deterioration of hygienic indicators of the mouth.Purpose – to assess the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in patients with an excess of body mass index after orthopedic treatment with removable prostheses.Materials and methods: the survey was conducted to 57 individuals with excess body mass index (BMI): overweight and obesity at various times after the manufacture of partial removable laminar dentures after 1 month, 3 and 6 months after prosthetics. The dental formula, dentition classification in Kennedy’s modification and mucosa according to Supple, the presence of periodontal diseases, dental indexes were determined by the simplified hygiene index of the oral cavity ОНJ-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simple) and the gingivitis index GI (Gingivitis Index).Results: When using removable dentures, indicators of oral hygiene indices sharply deteriorated. After the first month of wearing prostheses, the ONJ-S Green index increased by one third, after 3 months and 6 months, it worsened over the period of observation of patients. The Silnes–Low Index increased 1.5 times after a month of wearing a prosthesis, after 3 months – almost 2 times, after 6 months – 3.7 times, which corresponded to moderate gingivitis.Conclusion: studies have shown that overweight, obese people using removable dentures after prosthetics showed a deterioration in the index indicators – OHJ-S and Silnes–Low in the dynamics during the observation period for patients.