Hygienic and epidemiological factors of cervical erosion development

Abstract

Cervical erosion (ESM) is widespread in the female population and is often asymptomatic. In some cases, women complain of vaginal discharge, bleeding after sexual intercourse, and unpleasant sensations. True ESM is found in 1.6–2.87 % of women who apply for gynecological complaints. Nevertheless, in foreign literature, ectopia of the cervix and true erosion are usually not distinguished. Currently, the most likely and relevant risk factors for ESM have been studied. There is no doubt that ESM is associated with infectious and inflammatory processes, human papillomavirus, traumatic injuries, hormonal and menstrual disorders, environmental and hygienic factors. Many of the listed risk factors are causally related, and this relationship needs to be substantiated. The purpose of this work was to analyze the impact of hygienic and epidemiological factors on the development of cervical erosion. To achieve this goal, an analysis of available literary sources was carried out. The role of ESM prevention is shown, which consists in managing risk factors, reducing the intensity of their effects or completely eliminating them. The high preventive effectiveness of vaccination against human papillomavirus has been established, which makes it possible to influence not only the incidence of ESM, but also cervical cancer. Improving personal hygiene skills can be a good prevention of infectious and inflammatory processes and, consequently, the incidence of ESM.