Hydrothermal synthesis of K2W4O13 nanowire with high H2S gas sensitivity

Abstract

Single crystalline, hexagonal K2W4O13 nanowire was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of WO3·0.33H2O precursor which was synthesized by precipitation reaction of the tungstate salt and hydrochloric acid. The hydrothermal reaction was performed under static condition at 180°C in the presence of K2SO4 employed as the crystal growth-directing agent. XRD and TEM analysis revealed well crystalline K2W4O13 nanowires with the average diameter of 11.7±3.5nm and the length up to several hundreds nanometers. The K2W4O13 nanowires were stable up to 400°C and transformed to K2W7O22 after annealing at 500°C. Without the K2SO4, only irregular platelet particle of WO3·0.33H2O with the primary size of ∼20–50nm was obtained. Crystallization of the nanowires took place after 30min of hydrothermal treatment. Thick-film K2W4O13 nanowire sensor was tested for sensing performance towards 0.3–10ppm H2S, 0.2–10ppm NO2, 20–1000ppm SO2 and 20–1000ppm CO. The result revealed that the sensor was most sensitive to H2S followed by NO2 at the optimum operating temperature of 300 and 350°C, respectively, and insensitive to SO2 and CO, indicating its high selectivity to both H2S and NO2. In addition, the sensor exhibited high linearity.