Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial neoplasm that impacts on human health through interfering hypothalamus–pituitary–target organ axis systems. The development of proteomics gives great promises in the clarification of molecular mechanisms of a PA and discovery of effective biomarkers for prediction, prevention, early-stage diagnosis, and treatment for a PA. A great progress in the field of PA proteomics has been made in the past 10 years, including (i) the use of laser-capture microdissection, (ii) proteomics analyses of functional PAs (such as prolactinoma), invasive and non-invasive non-functional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), protein post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and tyrosine nitration, NFPA heterogeneity, and hormone isoforms, (iii) the use of protein antibody array, (iv) serum proteomics and peptidomics, (v) the integration of proteomics and other omics data, and (vi) the proposal of multi-parameter systematic strategy for a PA. This review will summarize these progresses of proteomics in PAs, point out the existing drawbacks, propose the future research directions, and address the clinical relevance of PA proteomics data, in order to achieve our long-term goal that is use of proteomics to clarify molecular mechanisms, construct molecular networks, and discover effective biomarkers.
Highlights
The pituitary gland, which is located in the bottom-middle of cranial cavity, functions in many biological processes
Our multiple comparative proteomics studies have confirmed our initial hypothesis that the proteome differs between Pituitary adenoma (PA) and controls (3, 10), between invasive and non-invasive PAs (6, 11), and among different types of PAs (12); many differentially expressed protein (DEP) and molecular networks were related to transcriptomics data (3, 10, 36, 56) and to the corresponding biological systems (6, 12, 22)
A great progress has been achieved in human PA proteomics, a series of unsolved issues are still existing in the following aspects. (i) High-throughput quantitative proteomics based on laser-capture microdissection (LCM)-purified PA and control cells
Summary
The pituitary gland, which is located in the bottom-middle of cranial cavity, functions in many biological processes. Significant progresses have been made in PA proteomics in the past 10 years, including sample preparation using laser-capture microdissection (LCM) (8, 9), proteomics analyses of FPA (such as prolactinoma) (10), invasive versus non-invasive PAs (6, 11), NFPA subtypes (12), serum (13, 14), protein variants/isoforms (3, 10, 15, 16), post-translational modifications (PTMs) (17–21), and protein molecular networks (22). This article reviews these progresses in PA proteomics in the past 10 years, the existing drawbacks, future perspectives, and the clinical relevance of PA proteomics data
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