Abstract
Objective To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV (p=0.003). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, both in men and women, infecting about 80% of the world’s sexually active population [1]
Our findings indicate that the presence of HPV-STI coinfection contributes to the development of cervical changes, future studies are crucial to investigate the role of these coinfections to both contributing to viral persistence and the progression of precancer cervical lesions (De Sanjose; Brotons; Pavon, 2018; Doorbar, 2016; Verteramo et al, 2009). is limitation could be solved with longitudinal studies, which could evaluate the ability of women to eliminate the HPV virus as well as other STIs in a given period of time, and the subsequent status regarding cervical alterations
Conclusion is study provides information on HPV and other STI association in women in the Northeast of Brazil through the molecular detection of these pathogens. e Northeast region, especially the State of Maranhão, has low socioeconomic rates that contribute to the high rates of cervical cancer and sexually transmitted infections in this population
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, both in men and women, infecting about 80% of the world’s sexually active population [1]. More than 150 viral types have been identified, and at least 13 types have the potential to cause persistent infection and the progression of cervical lesions [2]. Most cases of HPV infection are asymptomatic and transient, some viral types, such as HPV 16 and 18, are associated with an increased risk of developing anogenital cancer in men and women, including cervical cancer and penile cancer [1]. Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a public health problem, with more than 1 million people infected daily in the world, and can contribute to the Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases progression of cervical lesions [5]. Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a public health problem, with more than 1 million people infected daily in the world, and can contribute to the Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases progression of cervical lesions [5]. ey usually cause a diversity of symptoms in women and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in sexually active individuals [5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call