Human Pancreatic β Cell Regenerative Therapy: Exploring the Role of Chicoric Acid as a Phytochemical Candidate

Abstract

Diabetes is a global health issue, impacting life expectancy and productivity. Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus involves decreased functional beta cells, making beta cell replacement and regeneration a crucial area of research. However, current methods like whole pancreas transplant or stem cell-derived beta cells have limitations for diabetic patients. Exploring pharmacological approaches to stimulate regeneration of residual beta cells is valuable, as many diabetic patients retain some beta cells. Finding drugs that target and regenerate these cells effectively is a challenge, with no approved options available currently. Nature provides several therapeutic agents, and chicoric acid (CA) found in medicinal plants like Cichorium intybus, and shows potential for beta cell regeneration. Cichorium intybus possesses antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, aiding its antidiabetic activity by targeting hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. CA's multifaceted effects on glucose homeostasis are attributed to its involvement in various interconnected processes and pathways. This comprehensive review explores the molecular-level mechanisms through which chicoric acid facilitates beta cell regeneration, insulin release, and glucose uptake. The findings suggest that chicoric acid holds promise as a phytochemical agent for diabetes prevention and treatment. Its natural origin, antidiabetic properties, and multi-dimensional effects make it a potential candidate. Hence, further research to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of chicoric acid for β cell regeneration as an antidiabetic agent is essential. In summary, this extensive review at the molecular level, concludes that chicoric acid is a phytochemical with great antidiabetic potential and may be indicated both as a preventive and therapeutic agent.