Abstract
The present study is dedicated to the human health problems and classification of the most toxic pesticides. Pesticides are a wide range of chemicals with different degree of hazard, from extremely to slightly hazardous. Highly hazardous pesticides may have acute or chronic toxic effects. Their widespread use has caused health problems and fatalities in many parts of the world, often as a result of occupational exposure and accidental or intentional poisonings. Environmental contamination can also result in human exposure through consumption of residues of pesticides in food and, possibly, drinking-water. Recommended classification of pesticides by hazard; carcinogenicity; mutagenicity; reproductive toxicity; listing under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals in International Trade or the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; or evidence of severe or irreversible adverse effects on human health. Keywords: human health problems, toxic impact, pesticides, ecosystem.
Highlights
For many decades, pesticides have been used worldwide as a mean to increase agricultural output, fight pests and control tropical diseases
With increasing and prolonged use, negative impacts became noticeable such as an increase of disease rates, infertility and sometimes death, or environmental impacts including contamination of local water supplies, global transport and bio-accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), or loss of income to farmers whose products contains unacceptable concentrations of pesticide residues to be fit for sale
It is generally agreed that the problem of stockpiles of obsolete pesticide has arisen as a result of an inappropriate actions of many players including donor agencies, industry, governments, advisors and others
Summary
Pesticides have been used worldwide as a mean to increase agricultural output, fight pests and control tropical diseases. With increasing and prolonged use, negative impacts became noticeable such as an increase of disease rates, infertility and sometimes death, or environmental impacts including contamination of local water supplies, global transport and bio-accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), or loss of income to farmers whose products contains unacceptable concentrations of pesticide residues to be fit for sale. Several international environmental conventions aim to protect human health and the environment. Those are related to generation and trade of chemicals and wastes, included pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) has taken the lead in developing and implementing appropriate solutions to the problem of obsolete pesticide stocks in the developing world
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