Abstract
China, in a rapid urbanization process, is accompanied by the expansion of built-up land, population accumulation, and intensive land investment, while the improvement of the urban environment cannot keep up with the population and economic density growth. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the balance between urban land use economic intensity (built-up area density, population density, land price) and ecological intensity (the depth, breadth, and integration of ecological spaces) in Tangshan. From the perspective of functional zones (FZs), the trade-off of economic and ecological intensity of different types of land use is detailed from the evaluation system. Finally, this paper explores a common intensive development model for different FZs to reach both reasonable economic and ecological purposes in Tangshan. The upshot indicates that the economic and ecological intensity of all FZs in Tangshan follows an opposite spatial distribution, and different types of FZ own their characteristics. The Gini index and Theil index for measuring the typical FZ indicate the unbalanced state between ecological spaces and population in residential areas. To sum up, a resource-based city, such as Tangshan, in the rapid development stage of urbanization tends to pay more attention to economic output and neglect ecological benefits.
Highlights
With the expansion of urbanization, urban core areas are often in the awkward situation of the tense relationship between population and land, deterioration of urban environment, and imbalance of urban functions [1]
The result indicates that the economic intensity of the RFZ is relatively high and most of the high values are concentrated in the central city area, while the low values are distributed in the periphery, which mainly belong to IFZ and OFZ
The theory of economic intensity and ecological intensity was introduced into the research of urban functional land use, which provides a specific assessment method in the scope of functional zones (FZs)
Summary
With the expansion of urbanization, urban core areas are often in the awkward situation of the tense relationship between population and land, deterioration of urban environment, and imbalance of urban functions [1]. An ecological understanding of urbanization requires less dense populations to capture the impact of the entire city and the existence of thresholds for change across spaces [2]. How to balance the economic development of the city and the ecological environment protection of the city is a worldwide problem [4]. The rational use of land under the background of new urbanization and environmental conservation is a problem that must be a concern for densely populated cities, especially in developing countries. The main problem is how to build a sustainable city, which means a city that has a balance between economic development and ecological well-being of residents [5,6,7,8]. It is urgently needed to investigate how land use intensity and urban patterns interact to affect ecological conditions [11]
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