Abstract
Disease risk due to smoking is not limited to smokers only. Passive smoking (exposure to environmental tobacco smoke) is associated with adverse health effect especially in cardiovascular disease. Side-stream cigarette smoke, a major component of secondhand smoke induces reactive oxygen species with promote oxidative stress. This paper summarizes the cardiovascular effects of tobacco smoke. According to the results of the alternative level of biochemistry substances, Cholesterol (C), HDL- Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglyceride (TG), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Conjugate diene (CD), vitamin B12, folate and Homocysteine (Hcy). The results showed that vitamin B12 and Hcy of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers while C, LDL-C, TG and folate were significantly lower than those of non-smokers. More detail of smoking group, the industrial tobacco smokers had HDL-C and vitamin B12 lower than those in non-smokers whereas passive smokers and local handmade tobacco smokers had serum HDL-C and vitamin B12 higher than those in non-smokers. For serum C, LDL-C, TG and folate of all groups of smokers were significantly lower than non-smokers. The industrial tobacco smokers had serum MDA significantly higher than non-smokers but passive smokers and local handmade tobacco smokers had serum MDA lower than non-smokers. The industrial tobacco smokers and passive smokers had serum Hcy significantly higher than non-smokers but local handmade tobacco smokers had serum Hcy lower than non-smokers.
Highlights
In 2015, over 1.1 billion people smoked tobacco
A number of mechanisms may be involved in the atherogenesis by passive smoking, such as dysfunction of endothelium [6], altered lipoprotein profiles [7], increase the concentration of serum total choleaterol (C), Duangkamol Viroonudomphol et al.: Homocysteine and Lipid Peroxidation in Active and Passive Smoking triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and decrease the levels of antiatherogenic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [8]
The present study examined vitamin B12, folate, levels of homocysteine and leukocyte, platelet counts and lipid profiles such as the levels of serum total cholesterolo, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugate diene (CD) in healthy Thai smokers and passive smokers exposure in non-smokers compared with non-smokers
Summary
In 2015, over 1.1 billion people smoked tobacco. Far more males than females smoked tobacco. The number of smokers will increase in Third World countries from 4.5 billion to 7.1 billion by 2025 [1]. More than 5 million of these deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. The World Bank estimates that, in high income countries, smoking-related health care accounts have been health-care costs [3]. Both active and passive smoking are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease [4,5] and cancer. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated an increase in coronary artery disease risk and mortality with exposure to secondhand smoke [20]
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