The New Danger of Thirdhand Smoke: Why Passive Smoking Does Not Stop at Secondhand Smoke

Abstract

Vol. 119, No. 10 CommentaryOpen AccessThe New Danger of Thirdhand Smoke: Why Passive Smoking Does Not Stop at Secondhand Smokeis accompanied bySMOKING AND SECONDHAND SMOKE: Global Estimate of SHS BurdenDoes the Smoke Ever Really Clear? Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Raises New ConcernsThirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Emerging Evidence and Arguments for a Multidisciplinary Research Agenda Carmela Protano and Matteo Vitali Carmela Protano Search for more papers by this author and Matteo Vitali Search for more papers by this author Published:1 October 2011https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103956Cited by:68AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Passive smoking exposure is a topic of great concern for public health because of its well-known adverse effects on human health (International Agency for Research on Cancer 2004). Two news articles on this topic were published in the February 2011 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives (Burton 2011; Lubick 2011). Lubick (2011) discussed the global health burden of secondhand smoke, and Burton (2011) emphasized a new and alarming consequence of smoking in indoor environments—“thirdhand smoke”—a term first coined in 2006 (Szabo 2006).Secondhand smoke is defined as “the combination of smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette or other tobacco products and smoke exhaled by the smoker” (World Health Organization 2007). Thus, secondhand smoke exposure consists of an unintentional inhalation of smoke that occurs close to people smoking and/or in indoor environments where tobacco was recently used.Thirdhand smoke is a complex phenomenon resulting from residual tobacco smoke pollutants that adhere to the clothing and hair of smokers and to surfaces, furnishings, and dust in indoor environments. These pollutants persist long after the clearing of secondhand smoke. They are reemitted into the gas phase or react with oxidants or other compounds present in the environment to form secondary contaminants, some of which are carcinogenic or otherwise toxic for human health (Matt et al. 2011). Thus, thirdhand smoke exposure consists of unintentional intake (mainly through inhalation but also via ingestion and dermal routes) of tobacco smoke and other related chemicals that occurs in the absence of concurrent smoking. Exposure can even take place long after smoking has ceased, through close contact with smokers and in indoor environments in which tobacco is regularly smoked.Lubick (2011) considers secondhand smoke synonymous with passive smoking, as do the majority of the authors publishing on this topic. However, in light of new evidence about thirdhand smoke (Matt et al. 2011), it is no longer appropriate to use the term “secondhand smoke” as a synonym for passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke, because it represents a pars pro toto. In other words, using the term “secondhand smoke” mistakes one part of the problem for the whole. Instead, we propose that “passive smoking” or “environmental tobacco smoke” be used as a more inclusive term to describe any tobacco smoke exposure outside of active smoking.This question of terminology is of particular concern for researchers evaluating passive smoking exposure in indoor settings, especially in domestic environments. Since numerous countries have introduced smoking bans in enclosed public places, domestic environments have become the main sources of passive smoking exposure (World Health Organization 2007). We believe researchers should determine the independent contributions of secondhand and thirdhand smoke when they assess the magnitude of pollutant intake due to passive smoking exposure.The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.ReferencesBurton A. 2011. Does the smoke ever really clear? Thirdhand smoke exposure raises new concerns.Environ Health Perspect 119:A70-A7421285011. Link, Google ScholarInternational Agency for Research on Cancer. 2004. Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Hum 83:1–1452.Available: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol83/index.php [accessed 17 April 2011]. Google ScholarLubick N. 2011. Smoking and secondhand smoke. Global estimate of SHS burden.Environ Health Perspect 119:A66-A6721285009. Link, Google ScholarMatt GE, Quintana PJE, Destaillats H, Gundel LA, Sleiman M, Singer BCet al.. 2011. 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Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Raises New Concerns1 February 2011Environmental Health PerspectivesThirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Emerging Evidence and Arguments for a Multidisciplinary Research Agenda31 May 2011Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 119, No. 10 October 2011Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 October 2011Published in print1 October 2011 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. 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