Abstract
The present study investigates Mg-SiO2 nanocomposites as biodegradable implants for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications. The effect of presence and progressive addition of hollow silica nanoparticles (0.5, 1, and 1.5) vol.% on the microstructural, mechanical, degradation, and biocompatibility response of pure Mg were investigated. Results suggest that the increased addition of hollow silica nanoparticles resulted in a progressive increase in yield strength and ultimate compressive strength with Mg-1.5 vol.% SiO2 exhibiting superior enhancement. The response of Mg-SiO2 nanocomposites under the influence of Hanks’ balanced salt solution revealed that the synthesized composites revealed lower corrosion rates, indicating rapid dynamic passivation when compared with pure Mg. Furthermore, cell adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast cells were noticeably higher than pure Mg with the addition of 1 vol.% SiO2 nanoparticle. The biocompatibility and the in vitro biodegradation of the Mg-SiO2 nanocomposites were influenced by the SiO2 content in pure Mg with Mg-0.5 vol.% SiO2 nanocomposite exhibiting the best corrosion resistance and biocompatibility when compared with other nanocomposites. Enhancement in mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility characteristics of Mg-SiO2 nanocomposites developed in this study are also compared with properties of other metallic biomaterials used in alloplastic mandibular reconstruction in a computational model.
Highlights
Bioresorbable metals are a class of path-breaking biomaterials that have reshaped the nature of metallic biomaterials from bioinert regime to bioactive regime and multi-bio functional regime[1]
The incorporation of hollow SiO2 NPs into the magnesium matrix leads to a progressive improvement in the nature of grains with significant grain refinement compared with 0.2% yield strength (CYS) and ultimate compressive strength (UCS)
Mg-1.5 vol.% SiO2 nanocomposite exhibiting the maximum CYS and UCS values of ~128 MPa and dispersion of the NPs was observed in the Mg matrix with good ~378 MPa, respectively, the highest among all nanocomposites
Summary
Bioresorbable metals are a class of path-breaking biomaterials that have reshaped the nature of metallic biomaterials from bioinert regime to bioactive regime and multi-bio functional (antibacterial, anti-proliferation, and anti-cancer) regime[1]. Encouraged by this development, in recent years, magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have been extensively researched for orthopedic and maxillofacial osteosynthesis[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Using a biodegradable metal-like magnesium avoids further surgical intervention to remove the implants after desirable bone regeneration, thereby reducing the associated expenses and risk of further surgical complications. Guo et al.[14] implanted MC (mineralized collagen) and Mg-Ca-MC on the buccal plates of a patient’s mandible and post-implantation bone formation was evaluated for 12 and
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