Historical development of human rights and freedoms

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The article examines the peculiarities, prerequisites and historical development of human rights and freedoms throughout the existence of human civilization. The complex evolutionary path from the past to the present is demonstrated, and changes in ideas about human rights and freedoms along this path are noted. On the basis of scientific analysis of normative legal acts, a wide range of sources and scientific literature, an attempt is made to investigate the peculiarities of the process of historical development of human rights and freedoms throughout the existence of human civilization, demonstrating different views and concepts of individual prominent statesmen, philosophers, lawyers, etc. The relevance of this issue for the evolution of the legislation of the world’s leading countries was noted. It has been demonstrated that the historical development of human and citizen rights and freedoms is a determining factor in the formation of the legislation of each state. The Institute of Human Rights acts as a guarantor of protection against the arbitrariness of state power, ensuring freedom for everyone and forming the foundations of the constitutional order. With the help of a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature and other international legal documents, an own scientific position on the problem under investigation was formed. In general, it is shown that the history of the development of human rights and freedoms is closely related to the historical prerequisites for the formation of law, as well as the existence and development of human society, the first concepts about rights and freedoms were introduced and developed by outstanding philosophers and thinkers of Ancient Greece and Rome, received further developed in the period of the Middle Ages and modern times and were finally established in the XX-XXI centuries. For many centuries, legal scholars in their scientific works have actively considered the evolution of human rights and highlighted their unique views on this topic. Special attention is paid to the historical and legal retrospective of various stages of the historical development of human rights and freedoms, the main ideas and concepts about human rights and freedoms during the development of society are characterized. The relevance of this issue for the evolution of the legislation of the world’s leading countries has been demonstrated.