Abstract
Cancer is known to be a fierce disease that causes a large percentage of the deaths worldwide. The common cancer treatments; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are known for their severe side effects; therefore scientists are working on finding solutions to reduce these drawbacks. One of these treatment systems is the sustained released drugs formulations, these systems depend on the encapsulation of the chemotherapy within an emulsifying agent, in order to obtain a slow drug release of low doses over long time intervals. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of free and encapsulated sinapic acid was tested against lung (A549), and colon (CaCo2) cancer cell lines, along with normal fibroblast cells (HFB4) as a negative control. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed for IC50 evaluation, also cell cycle assay was performed to detect cell cycle arrest status and related anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic; Blc-2, BAX, and P53 gene profile fold changes post cellular treatment. Data recorded revealed that encapsulated SA showed a lower toxicity than the free form to both cell lines and also to the normal cells. The cell cycle analysis showed a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase post cell treatment with the free and encapsulated sinapic acid accompanied with up regulation of Bax and P53 and a down regulation of Blc-2 genes in both cell lines. The data suggest a promising anti-cancer and anti-proliferative potential of free and encapsulated sinapic acid. Also they show that the anti-cancer effect of free and encapsulated sinapic acid is quite close.
Highlights
The American cancer society estimated that 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths were expected to occur in the United States in 2016 [1]
This acid has been known for its anti-oxidative, anxiolytic, anti-microbial effects, it was investigated for its inflammatory effect; and it was proven that sinapic acid (SA) obtains its anti-inflammatory effect from the inhibition of NF-kB activation in macrophages which results in the prevention of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS), COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, in addition, it has shown an anti-edema effect [4]
SA shows an anti-cancer potential; since 4-vinylsyringol, which is a de-carboxylation product of SA, has the ability to suppress carcinogenesis and induce inflammatory cytokines [5]. These side effects of chemotherapy resulting from the drug effects itself in addition to the drug administration in large dosage led scientists to think of solutions in order to reduce these adverse effects. One of these solutions is the encapsulation of the chemotherapeutic drug in non-ionic surfactant capsules such as polysorbate 20, in order to develop an extended and gradual release drug delivery system, the drug would last for a prolonged period in the biological system after drug administration, so the body will be able to utilize the up taken drug and the patient will not be obliged to take the same large amounts of the drug which hopefully will reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy
Summary
The American cancer society estimated that 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths were expected to occur in the United States in 2016 [1]. SA is widespread in the plant kingdom and commonly extracted from fruits, vegetables and grains such as rye and American cranberry This acid has been known for its anti-oxidative, anxiolytic, anti-microbial effects, it was investigated for its inflammatory effect; and it was proven that SA obtains its anti-inflammatory effect from the inhibition of NF-kB activation in macrophages which results in the prevention of iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, in addition, it has shown an anti-edema effect [4]. SA shows an anti-cancer potential; since 4-vinylsyringol, which is a de-carboxylation product of SA, has the ability to suppress carcinogenesis and induce inflammatory cytokines [5] These side effects of chemotherapy resulting from the drug effects itself in addition to the drug administration in large dosage led scientists to think of solutions in order to reduce these adverse effects. This research study aims to investigate the anti-proliferative and anti-cancer
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
