Histomorphological study in the pattern of thyroid lesions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology

Abstract

Background: Diseases of the thyroid gland is a common clinical presentation with a prevalence rate of 4-7% in the general population. The presence of thyroid swelling can cause concern to both patient and surgeon as for the diagnosis and treatment is concerned. The current study aims to study the histomorphological pattern of various thyroid lesions. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out in Bapuji Hospital and Chigateri district hospital, teaching hospitals attached to J.J.M. Medical College Davanagere over a year from August 2020 to June 2022. All patients with clinical evidence of thyroid swelling were selected. Ultrasonography (USG), fine needle aspiration of thyroid swelling (FNAC) and thyroid function test (TFT) was done and histomorphological pattern of each patient was studied. Results: The reports of FNAC and USG were similar in most of the patients. Accordingly, accuracy is 100%, sensitivity 90%, specificity 0%, positive predictive value 90%, negative predictive value 0%. Conclusions: As per the study accuracy of FNAC with USG is 100%. USG neck will help to diagnose the solid and cystic lesions. FNAC is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of neoplasm and thyroiditis, Bethesda categorization helps the surgeon to plan for surgery based on the reports and thyroid profile. USG and FNAC are equally sensitive in diagnosing malignancy, but FNAC is more specific (90%). It is a minimally invasive method which can be used to distinguish malignant from benign lesions with a high degree of accuracy (90%).