Histological spectrum, bilaterality, and clinical evaluation of ovarian lesions – A 10-year study in a rural tertiary hospital of India

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ovarian malignancy is the second most common cancer of the female reproductive system and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. Study on the distribution of the different ovarian neoplasms is limited from Eastern India, especially in rural areas. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to study the distribution of morphological pattern of benign, malignant, and nonneoplastic lesions of the ovary in different age groups and to determine the likelihood of bilateral involvement in different morphologic subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study from January 2009 to December 2018 was undertaken. A total of 2100 surgical specimens were obtained. Detailed clinical information and radiological findings were recorded from the case sheets. Grossing of the surgical specimens was done in the pathology department, followed by histological examination. RESULTS: Of 2100 cases, benign cases were 1491 (71%), malignant cases were 252 (12%), and nonneoplastic were 357 (17%). The distribution of malignant cases was 10–19 years (18 cases, 7.14%), 20–29 years (50 cases, 19.84%), 30–39 years (23 cases, 9.13%), 40–49 years (61 cases, 24.20%), 50–59 years (70 cases, 27.78%), and 60–69 years (30 cases, 11.91%). Among the benign cases, serous cystadenoma was 684 cases (32.57%), followed by mucinous cystadenoma cases (330, 15.71%) and mature cystic teratoma cases (270, 12.86%). Among the malignant cases, bilateral serous cystadenocarcinomas were found in 42.85% of the cases, and among benign cases, bilateral endometrioid tumors were found in 27.58% of the cases, and among nonneoplastic diseases, bilateral follicular cysts were found in 35.21% of the cases. CONCLUSION: In this study, an earlier presentation of malignant tumors was observed. Furthermore, a lower percentage of serous cystadenocarcinoma was noted compared to other studies.