High-Pressure Research in Geophysics

Abstract

Session I Instrumentation and Pressure Calibration.- Triple-Stage High Pressure Apparatus Using Sintered Diamond Anvils.- A Wedge-Type Cubic Anvil High Pressure Apparatus and Its Application to Material Synthesis Research.- Pressure Measurement at High Temperature in X-Ray Diffraction Studies: Gold as a Primary Standard.- Application of a Diamond-Cell to High-Temperature and High-Pressure Experiments.- Rapid High-Pressure Structural Information from Energy Dispersive Analyses of Diffracted Synchrotron Radiation.- Improvements in Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction with Conical Slit and Diamond Cell.- Rapid X-Ray Measurements to 100 GPa Range and Static Compression of ?-Fe2O3.- Session II Elasticity, Attenuation and Rheology of the Crust and Upper Mantle.- The Elasticity of Periclase to 3 GPa and Some Geophysical Implications.- Pressure Dependence of Elastic Moduli of Forsterite by Brillouin Scattering in the Diamond Cell.- The Effect of Crystal Structure and Composition on Elastic Properties of Silicates.- Brillouin Measurements of n-H2 and n-D2 in the Pressure Range 0.5 to 20 GPa at Room Temperature.- Pressure Dependence of Q in Selected Rocks.- Diffusion Coefficients of Ions in Alkali Halides Determined by a Low-Frequency Impedance Measurement.- Dynamic Recrystallization and High-Temperature Rheology of Olivine.- Session III Mechanical Properties and Melting of the Crust and Upper Mantle.- Fracture and Deformation of Silicate Rocks at High Pressures in a Cubic Press.- Brittle Bahavior of Rocks at High Pressure.- Interfacial Energies in the Olivine-Basalt System.- Experimental Determination of Near-Equilibrium Textures in Partially Molten Silicates at High Pressure.- Reduced Volatiles in the System C-O-H: Implications to Mantle Melting, Fluid Formation and Diamond Genesis.- Fluid-Magma Interaction at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions.- Melting of Various Silicates at Elevated Pressures.- Session IV Geophysics and Geochemistry of the Mantle.- Anharmonicity in the Equation of State at High Temperature for Some Geophysically Important Solids.- Shear Velocity in the Mantle Transition Zone.- Chemical Composition and Evolution of the Mantle.- Iron Magnesium Fractionation Model for the Earth.- Session V High-Pressure Phase Transformations and Crystal Chemistry.- High-Pressure Phase Transformations in Rutile Structured Dioxides.- High-Pressure Phase Transformations of the Dioxides: Implications for Structures of SiO2 at High Pressure.- The Kinetics of Martensitic Olivine ?-Spinel Transition and Its Dependence on Material and Experimental Parameters.- Experimental Investigation on the Mechanism of Olivine?Spinel Transformation: Growth of Single Crystal Spinel from Single Crystal Olivine in Ni2SiO4.- Crystal Structure Studies on Spinel-Related Phases, Spinelloids: Implications to Olivine-Spinel Phase Transformation and Systematics.- Stability Relations of Silicate Spinels, Ilmenites, Perovskites.- Disproportionation of Fe2SiO4 at High Pressure.- Size and Compressibility of Ions at High Pressure.- Session VI Thermochemistry and Crystal Growth.- Thermochemical Properties of Synthetic High-Pressure Compounds Relevant to the Earth's Mantle.- Calorimetric Studies of Crystalline and Glassy High Pressure Phases.- Effect of Coordination Change on Thermodynamic Properties.- Study of Synthetic Minerals of the Orthopyroxene-Pyrope System by Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy.- Molecular Dynamic Calculations Applied to Silicate Systems: Molten and Vitreous MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4 under Low and High Pressures.- Growth of Large Diamond Crystals.- Growth and Properties of Olivine Single Crystals by the Floating-Zone Method.- Session VII Shock Wave Experiments.- Anomalous Compression Mechanism of Fused Silica.- Behavior of Single-Crystal Forsterite under Dynamic Compression.- Temperature Induced by Sock Waves in Minerals: Application to Geophysics.- Shock-Induced Spin-Pairing Transition in Fe2O3 Due to the Pressure Effect on the Crystal Field.- The Equation of State for Iron and the Earth's Core.- Author Index.