Abstract

Magnesium olivine is believed to be the dominant mineral in the upper mantle. It has been demonstrated to transform into a denser structure of the β-phase (modified spinel structure) or the γ-phase (spinel structure) under high pressure and temperature. The olivine→spinel (β- and/or γ-phase) transition in the mantle is believed to mark the major seismic and density discontinuity at approximately 400 km depth. The olivine→spinel transition in down-going slabs may play a vital role in plate dynamics [1,2].

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