Abstract
Summary Most steamflood operations recycling water will experience silica scales at some location in the field operation. It is usually noticed in the steam generators or heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) used for cogeneration. Whether fresh water or recycled water is used, the hot water, high pH portion of the steam will affect the steam injection wellbore. Silica scaling in the formation around production wells, in the screen of the production wells, and in the pump in the production wells are also noticed due to flashing and deposits of silicates. Some of the silica scales can be controlled, some are beneficial, and some are very costly and difficult or impossible to control. In the formation the silica is in equilibrium with quartz so quartz solubility applies, while the more soluble amorphous silica solubility controls when not in contract with quartz rocks.
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