Abstract
This work presents a wearable sensing system for high-density resistive array readout. The system comprising readout electronics for a high-density resistive sensor array and a rechargeable battery, was realized in a wristband. The analyzed data with the proposed system can be visualized using a custom graphical user interface (GUI) developed in a personal computer (PC) through a universal serial bus (USB) and using an Android app in smartphones via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), respectively. The readout electronics were implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) and had a compact dimension of 3 cm × 3 cm. It was designed to measure the resistive sensor with a dynamic range of 1 KΩ–1 MΩ and detect a 0.1% change of the base resistance. The system operated at a 5 V supply voltage, and the overall system power consumption was 95 mW. The readout circuit employed a resistance-to-voltage (R-V) conversion topology using a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), integrated in the Cypress Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC®) 5LP microcontroller. The device behaves as a universal-type sensing system that can be interfaced with a wide variety of resistive sensors, including chemiresistors, piezoresistors, and thermoelectric sensors, whose resistance variations fall in the target measurement range of 1 KΩ–1 MΩ. The system performance was tested with a 60-resistor array and showed a satisfactory accuracy, with a worst-case error rate up to 2.5%. The developed sensing system shows promising results for applications in the field of the Internet of things (IoT), point-of-care testing (PoCT), and low-cost wearable devices.
Highlights
Wearable device technologies have been widely used in various head-to-toe applications such as environmental analysis, biomedical, physical, and physiological monitoring, primarily as accessory-type such as gloves, headsets, watches, wristbands, and textiles [1–5]
One of the most popular sensors for a wearable device is a resistive sensor, which has a sensing element whose resistance changes as a function of the target physical or chemical quantity
In a span of 60 s (1 min), 60 sensor readings were collected and stored in the CSV file 51 times, resulting in a total of 3060 sensor measurements. This led to a processing speed of 51 Hz, equivalent to 19.6 ms, to collect, process and transmit the data from a single sensor to the graphical user interface (GUI)
Summary
Wearable device technologies have been widely used in various head-to-toe applications such as environmental analysis, biomedical, physical, and physiological monitoring, primarily as accessory-type such as gloves, headsets, watches, wristbands, and textiles [1–5]. One of the most popular sensors for a wearable device is a resistive sensor, which has a sensing element whose resistance changes as a function of the target physical or chemical quantity It is utilized in industrial, scientific, and commercial applications for sensing numerous physical parameters including, but not limited to, ambient temperature, humidity, pressure, strain/force, light intensity, and displacement [13–15]. Compared with existing wearable resistive readout devices, the proposed device demonstrated the lowest circuit complexity on a microcontroller-based wearable platform and a high-density sensor array capacity. It could be an ideal solution for various applications such as wearable wireless sensor networks, PoCT, and battery-powered wireless telemetry for biomedical applications, while presenting a reference for designing low-complexity, low-cost, lowpower wearable systems for resistive sensor arrays.
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