Abstract
Accurate channel state information (CSI) acquisition is indispensable for mmWave massive MIMO systems to perform sophisticated signal processing. The existing channel estimation methods such as beam training and compressed sensing either have low accuracy or require considerably high training overhead. To achieve a fast yet accurate channel estimation, we propose a parallel hierarchical multi-beam search method in this paper. Unlike the existing beam search methods, which search multipath components (MPCs) one by one, the proposed method searches all the MPCs simultaneously by scanning all the beam pairs with MPCs in each layer of codebook in parallel. Therefore, the beam search of different MPCs does not interfere with each other. To improve the estimation accuracy and reduce the beam training overhead, the length of each training sequence under different codebook layers and different SNR is obtained by beam detection. Moreover, we particularly design an optimal beam pattern synthesis codebook for the hierarchical multi-beam search by using the design method of digital filter, which is applicable in other hierarchical search methods as well. Simulation results show that the proposed codebook is superior to other codebooks and the proposed multi-beam search method has higher channel estimation accuracy, but requires less training overhead, compared with the state-of-the-art alternatives.
Highlights
Millimeter-wave communication has drawn much attention in recent years for its abundant frequency resource and considered as the key technology of the next-generation mobile communication systems [1], [2]
Unlike the existing works which use successive hierarchical multi-beam search, the proposed parallel HMBS method can search out the beam pairs of existing paths in each layer, which makes no inter-ference between the paths and improves the accuracy of channel estimation greatly
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE OPTIMAL BEAM PATTERN SYNTHESIS CODEBOOK In this subsection, we provide some simulations to illustrate the performance of the designed codebook
Summary
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication has drawn much attention in recent years for its abundant frequency resource and considered as the key technology of the next-generation mobile communication systems [1], [2]. There are many channel estimation approaches for mmWave massive MIMO systems such as array signal processing [10]–[12], compressive sensing (CS) [13]–[16] and hierarchical beam search [17]–[29]. We propose a parallel hierarchical multi-beam search (HMBS) method for channel estimation in mmWave massive MIMO systems. Unlike the existing works which use successive hierarchical multi-beam search, the proposed parallel HMBS method can search out the beam pairs of existing paths in each layer, which makes no inter-ference between the paths and improves the accuracy of channel estimation greatly. To improve the accuracy of channel estimation, a parallel HMBS method is proposed for mmWave massive MIMO systems. Using the predesigned codebook, the proposed parallel multi-beam search method has a higher success rate and can greatly improve the channel estimation accuracy. In order to simplify the notation, we consider BS and MS implementing 1-D antenna array and the extension to 2-D antenna array is straightforward
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