Hidroxiapatita sustituida con estroncio: plataforma para regeneración ósea con actividad antimicrobiana

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate with great analogy to biological apatite. Because of that it has demonstrated excellent results in clinical applications for bone tissue replacement. However, there are certain pathologies such as osteopenia or osteoporosis where the natural bone formation capacity is diminished and which may require an extra stimulus to accelerate and guarantee the osseointegration processes. In these cases, doping hydroxyapatite with strontium ions (Sr-HA) has given excellent results. This ion participates in bone metabolism in various ways and, while stimulating osteosynthesis, it inhibits osteoclast to a certain extent, which as a whole promotes the formation of new bone more quickly. Thus, the development of Sr-HA implants has evolved to not only consider substitutes for bone tissue with greater speed of osseointegration, but also to become platforms for the release of other active ingredients that can also counteract different medical conditions. This work delves into the complexity of septic processes associated with prostheses, which justifies the diversity of approaches to this clinical problem from biomedical engineering. In addition, review different formulations based on Sr-HA reported to eradicate septic processes. In particular, it explores new devices carrying antibiotics (Antb/Sr-HA) and new platforms that have been formed from the double ion doping of the HA where one of those ions is strontium and the other is some metallic element with demonstrated antibacterial activity (M/Sr-HA).