Abstract
Calcium phosphates have been widely used in clinics as bone substitutes due to their excellent biocompatibility and similar chemical compositions to bone minerals. The best-known commercial products are hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), however, their degradation rates do not match well with the formation of new bone, making them somehow unsatisfactory. A degradation rate between these two would be more suitable for bone regeneration and such materials are consistently sought. In this study, we developed a bioderived amorphous calcium phytate (a-CP). Compared with HA and β-TCP, a-CP showed similar effects on proliferation, better effects on differentiation and mineralization of osteogenic related cells. The degradation rate of a-CP fell between β-TCP and HA: In vivo, β-TCP was found to degrade in 4 weeks, while no sign of degradation was observed for HA groups in 8 weeks; the degradation rate of a-CP appeared to be more appropriate. Consequently, a-CP showed better curative effect than both HA and β-TCP in femoral condyle defects: 51±4% of new bone formation was observed on the site of a-CP, while 34±3% and 40±4% of HA and β-TCP groups, respectively. This article is the first to explore the potential of a-CP as a bone substitute, and the in vitro and in vivo performances indicate it to be a promising candidate for bone defect repairing.
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