Heuristic strategy using hybrid deep learning with transfer learning for oral cancer detection

Abstract

Oral cancer becomes the most disastrous ailment that affects the oral cavity parts of the mouth. Oral cancer diagnosis is the main challenge in the medical field. It becomes expensive and less capable of classifying oral cancer. In some cases, it may cause unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Recently, the detection of malignant and premalignant oral lesions has been a critical process owing to their low image resolution and lower acquisition time. Thus, a novel hybrid deep learning with meta-heuristic-based optimization is proposed. The pre-processing occurs by median filtering and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). The CLAHE method is utilized to reduce unwanted noise. Finally, the classification is done by a proposed hybrid-based deep learning model termed as Recurrent Deep Belief Network (RDBN), in which the Deep Belief Network (DBN) is incorporated with the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Here, the RDBN helps to increase the performance classification. Furthermore, the hyperparameters of the RDBN model, such as learning rate, epochs and hidden neurons, are tuned using the proposed Hybrid Beetle-Barnacle Swarm Optimization (HBBSO) algorithm, where the Barnacles Mating Optimizer (BMO) is superimposed with Beetle Swarm Optimization (BSO) algorithms. In the given proposed model, the selected features are extracted by the optimization algorithms. Here, the parameters are fine-tuned to get the better optimal solution. From the experimental outcome, the developed model has acquired 5.2% better than PSO-RDBN, 5.6% improved than GWO-RDBN, 3.2% enhanced than BSO-RDBN and 3.5% superior to BMO-RDBN regarding accuracy. Thus, the proposed model achieves higher results for detecting oral cancer with enhanced classification performance than the existing approaches.