Abstract
Human infection with Heterophyes species (Heterophyes heterophyes, H. nocens, and H. dispar) occurs in areas where brackish water fish is consumed raw or under improperly cooked conditions. Two species, H. heterophyes and H. dispar, are distributed in North Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East, and H. nocens is distributed in East Asia. Brackish water snails serve as the first intermediate host. Brackish water fish, including mullets, gobies, perches, and Tilapia, are the second hosts. Adult flukes parasitize the small intestine and cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis is based on the recovery of eggs in feces.
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