Abstract
Hermaphrodites achieve reproductive success as both males and females. The extent of their reproductive success is determined by how successful they are in attracting and choosing mates in both sexual roles as well as how they allot their reproductive effort. Hermaphrodites may be sequentially or simultaneously male and female and their mating system is determined to a large extent by the type of sexual system they experience. A great variety of types of sexual behavior are found in hermaphrodites, with reciprocal mating in simultaneous hermaphrodites being the most notable. Sexual conflict and sexual selection, both pre- and post-mating, play important roles in the evolution of hermaphrodites.
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