Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used therapeutic drug groups used worldwide for curing an array of health problems like pain, inflammation, cardiovascular complications, and many other diseases, but they may cause different side effects including gastroduodenal disorders. So, there is a growing interest and need to search for nontoxic, antiulcer formulations from medicinal plants to treat NSAIDs induced gastric ulcer. Extensive research has reported on many natural plants like Camellia sinensis, Phyllanthus emblica, Myristica malabarica, Piper betle, Picrorhiza kurroa, and so forth, and their active constituents reduced NSAIDs induced gastric ulcer via their antioxidative as well as immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, use of herbal formulations in daily life may prevent NSAIDs induced gastric ulceration and other side effects.
Highlights
India has immeasurable varieties of tropical plants
Piotrowski et al showed that indomethacin induced gastric ulceration gives a 12-fold increase in gastric epithelial expression of inducible form of NOS (iNOS) activity compared with controls which is correlated with the damage of epithelium [24], whereas Wallace and Miller showed that Nitric oxide (NO) mediates a critical role in modulation of several components of mucosal defense, including increased gastric blood flow, reduced neutrophil adhesion, and increased mucus secretion [25]
Accumulated evidence in humans and animals shows that both Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and H. pylori upregulate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 both at mRNA and protein levels at the ulcer margin but failed to influence significantly that of COX-1 [33]
Summary
India has immeasurable varieties of tropical plants. Native Indians possess a long tradition of Kabiraji medicine utilizing such medicinal plants. Despite the large varieties of such plants grown in India, a minimal number has been thoroughly studied for all aspects of their potential therapeutic value in medicine. A growing body of evidence suggests that at least part of the therapeutic values may be contributed by their antioxidative property These natural antioxidants may contribute to protect the human body from several diseases [2] including gastric ulcer. A report of the Indian Council of Medical Research on the epidemiology of gastric ulcer in India showed that the overall prevalence rate of the disease ranged from 1 to 6.5 per thousand in the age group of 15 years and above in a selected urban population. Development of a drug having antiulcerogenic property from plant sources without compromising the efficacy and safety would be expected to benefit millions of suffering humanity
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