Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Approach in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment indicated for various types of hematological neoplasms, such as leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and other autoimmune hematological diseases and immunodeficiencies. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that shortens the survival of red blood cells, causing anemia. This research sought to address advances and new perspectives in HSCT in the treatment of sickle cell disease. Currently, HSCT is the only curative option for patients with sickle cell disease and aims to restore normal hematopoiesis and thus prevent damage from successive episodes of sickling. Allogeneic HSC transplantation has become an increasingly acceptable treatment option for sickle cell disease. Currently, even with advances in supportive therapy to prevent complications of SCD, access to care for this disease is unequal. However, worldwide, 120 million people are affected by the disease, and of these, 66% live in Africa. Therefore, in Africa and Asia, the number of patients tends to grow. Therefore, it is important to apply and expand neonatal screening programs, and the need for investment in health policies, especially in these countries where the disease is more severe.